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Articles Published Processes
12/2/2015 12:06:00 PM | Browse: 871 | Download: 958
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Received |
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2014-08-04 18:22 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2014-08-06 15:26 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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2014-09-16 10:58 |
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Return for Revision |
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2014-09-18 16:01 |
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Revised |
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2014-09-30 14:11 |
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Second Decision |
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2014-10-27 16:56 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2014-10-27 17:15 |
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Articles in Press |
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2014-10-27 17:15 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2015-01-19 14:01 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2015-01-20 22:09 |
| ISSN |
2220-3249 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
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| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Immunology |
| Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
| Article Title |
Mechanistic insights on immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Esaki M Shankar, Vijayakumar Velu, Adeeba Kamarulzaman and Marie Larsson |
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
| Funding Agency |
Grant Number |
| University of Malaya Research Grant of the Health and Translational Medicine Research Cluster |
RG448-12HTM(to Esaki M Shankar) |
| High Impact Research |
UM.C/625/1/HIR/MoHE/MED/014(to Kamarulzaman A) |
| University of Malaya, SIDA SARC, VINNMER for Vinnova, Linköping University Hospital Research Fund, CALF and the Swedish Society of Medicine |
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| Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the Swedish Physicians against AIDS Research Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, Marie Larsson |
AI52731 |
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| Corresponding Author |
Esaki M Shankar, Associate professor, Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. shankarem@um.edu.my
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| Key Words |
Cluster of differentiation 38; Human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis co-infection; Immu-nosenescence |
| Core Tip |
The mechanistic aspects associated with increased expression of senescence and immune activa-tion markers cluster of differentiation (CD) 38, CD69, CD57, human leukocyte antigen-DR, and the down-regulation of functional molecules, viz., CD28, CD27, CD40L and CD127 on human immunodeficiency virus-specific T cells appear to be crucial in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears to play a major role in accelerating HIV disease progression, by directly or indirectly facilitating factors associated with immune senescence. Measures to ameliorate immunosenescence and immune activation appear to stem from identification of novel targets of downstream senescence signaling. Restoration of molecules associated with T-cell homeostasis, differentiation, cell survival and proliferation abilities of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells is key to foster functional immune responses.
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| Publish Date |
2015-01-20 22:09 |
| Citation |
Shankar EM, Velu V, Kamarulzaman A, Larsson M. Mechanistic insights on immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection. World J Virol 2015; 4(1): 17-24 |
| URL |
http://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v4/i1/17.htm |
| DOI |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v4.i1.17 |
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