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Articles Published Processes
11/3/2015 8:26:00 AM | Browse: 1506 | Download: 1866
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Received |
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2015-06-03 09:35 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2015-06-04 15:27 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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2015-07-06 14:48 |
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Return for Revision |
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2015-07-11 16:06 |
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Revised |
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2015-07-31 22:54 |
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Second Decision |
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2015-09-10 08:26 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2015-09-18 13:30 |
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Articles in Press |
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2015-09-18 13:30 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2015-10-12 16:30 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2015-11-03 08:25 |
ISSN |
1949-8462 (online) |
Open Access |
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
Category |
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems |
Manuscript Type |
Review |
Article Title |
Cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: A true or perceived risk?
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Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
All Author List |
Shima Shahbaz, Marcella Manicardi, Giovanni Guaraldi and Paolo Raggi |
Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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Corresponding Author |
Paolo Raggi, MD, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 8440-112 Street, Suite 4A7.050, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta,
Canada. raggi@ualberta.ca
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Key Words |
Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular risk; Antiretroviral therapy; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Smoking; Cardiovascular death |
Core Tip |
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was initially universally lethal but with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) the life span of HIV infected patients has drastically increased. Along with the lengthening of life span chronic diseases such as non-acquired immuno?deficiency syndrome related cancers and cardiovascular diseases surfaced. Currently cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death among HIV infected patients in industrialized countries and its pathogenesis is very complex. A combination of direct virion injury, chronic low-grade inflammation, adverse cardiometabolic effects of HAART and high burden of traditional risk factors contribute to this new epidemic. |
Publish Date |
2015-11-03 08:25 |
Citation |
Shahbaz S, Manicardi M, Guaraldi G, Raggi P. Cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: A true or perceived risk? World J Cardiol 2015; 7(10): 633-644 |
URL |
http://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v7/i10/633.htm |
DOI |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i10.633 |
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