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Articles Published Processes
2/22/2016 3:38:00 PM | Browse: 1486 | Download: 1871
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Received |
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2015-08-18 08:30 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2015-08-21 12:10 |
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To Make the First Decision |
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2015-10-08 16:09 |
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Return for Revision |
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2015-10-13 15:52 |
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Revised |
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2015-11-23 16:27 |
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Second Decision |
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2016-01-20 16:33 |
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Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief |
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2016-01-20 19:07 |
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Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief |
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2016-01-29 17:31 |
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Articles in Press |
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2016-01-29 17:31 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2016-02-02 14:07 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2016-02-22 15:38 |
ISSN |
1948-5182 (online) |
Open Access |
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
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Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
Manuscript Type |
Review |
Article Title |
Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance
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Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
All Author List |
Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul, Naichaya Chamroonkul and Disaya Chavalitdhamrong |
Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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Corresponding Author |
Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Rajavithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand. dr.chalermrat@gmail.com
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Key Words |
Bacteria; Infection; Sepsis; Bacteremia; Liver cirrhosis; Vaccination; Spontaneous peritonitis; Immune dysfunction |
Core Tip |
Bacterial infection is common and accounts for major morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis are immunocompromised and increased susceptibility to develop spontaneous bacterial infec-tions, hospital-acquired infections, and a variety of infections from uncommon pathogens. Once infection develops, the excessive response of pro-inflammatory cytokines on a pre-existing hemodynamic derangement in cirrhosis further predispose the development of serious complications such as shock, acute-on-chronic liver failure, renal failure, and death. The incidence of resistant bacteria has continually increased, especially in healthcare-associated settings. Preventive measures, early recognition and proper management are necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality of infections in cirrhosis.
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Publish Date |
2016-02-22 15:38 |
Citation |
Bunchorntavakul C, Chamroonkul N, Chavalitdhamrong D. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance. World J Hepatol 2016; 8(6): 307-321 |
URL |
http://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v8/i6/307.htm |
DOI |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i6.307 |
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