Publication Name	World Journal of Nephrology
Manuscript ID	27720
Country	United States

Received	2016-06-15 15:40
Peer-Review Started	2016-06-16 14:07
To Make the First Decision	2016-07-27 08:18
Return for Revision	2016-07-30 18:36
Revised	2016-08-17 02:25
Second Decision	2016-10-21 16:25
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2016-11-02 16:24
Articles in Press	2016-11-02 16:24
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2016-12-26 13:12
Publish the Manuscript Online	2016-12-28 15:40

ISSN	2220-6124 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Category	Urology & Nephrology
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Hypertonicity: Clinical entities, manifestations and treatment
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Helbert Rondon-Berrios, Christos Argyropoulos, Todd S Ing, Dominic S Raj, Deepak Malhotra, Emmanuel I Agaba, Mark Rohrscheib, Zeid J Khitan, Glen H Murata, Joseph I Shapiro and Antonios H Tzamaloukas
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Antonios H Tzamaloukas, MD, MACP, Section of Nephrology, Medicine Service (111C), Raymond G. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1501 San Pedro, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States. antonios.tzamaloukas@va.gov
Key Words	Hypertonicity; Hypernatremia; Osmotic diuresis; Hyperglycemia; Water diuresis
Core Tip	States of hypertonicity cause transfer of fluid from inside the body cells into the fluid compartment surrounding the cells. The shrinking of the brain cells in hypertonicity causes severe manifestations and even death. The management of hypertonicity requires administration of intravenous solutions. The volume and the composition of the administered solutions are calculated by various equations. Close monitoring of the condition of the patient and frequent measurements of appropriate blood chemistries during treatment are critical steps for a favorable outcome. The two major states of hypertonicity are hypernatremia, an elevation of the concentration of sodium in the blood, and hyperglycemia, an elevation of the concentration of glucose in the blood. The management of severe hypertonicity in hypernatremia and hyperglycemia encounters different obstacles and requires different equations for the quantitative replacement of body fluid deficits.
Publish Date	2016-12-28 15:40
Citation	Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos C, Ing TS, Raj DS, Malhotra D, Agaba EI, Rohrscheib M, Khitan ZJ, Murata GH, Shapiro JI, Tzamaloukas AH. Hypertonicity: Clinical entities, manifestations and treatment. World J Nephrol 2017; 6(1): 1-13
URL	http://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v6/i1/1.htm
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v6.i1.1

Full Article (PDF)	WJN-6-1.pdf
Full Article (Word)	WJN-6-1.doc
Manuscript File	27720-Review.doc
Answering Reviewers	27720-Answering reviewers.pdf
Audio Core Tip	27720-Audio core tip.mp3
Conflict-of-Interest Disclosure Form	27720-Conflict-of-interest statement.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	27720-Copyright assignment.pdf
Peer-review Report	27720-Peer-review(s).pdf
Scientific Misconduct Check	27720-Scientific misconduct check.pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	27720-Scientific editor work list.pdf