| ISSN |
1948-5182 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Minireviews |
| Article Title |
Hepatitis D virus and liver transplantation: Indications and outcomes
|
| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Haris Muhammad, Aniqa Tehreem, Muhammad Baraa Hammami, Peng-Sheng Ting, Ramzan Idilman and Ahmet Gurakar |
| ORCID |
|
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Ahmet Gurakar, MD, Associate Professor, Director, Director, Doctor, Doctor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Suite 918
, Baltimore, MA 21205, United States. aguraka1@jhmi.edu |
| Key Words |
Hepatitis delta virus; Liver transplant; Hepatitis B immunoglobins; Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Core Tip |
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a dependent virus and relies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) to synthesize the pathogenic genomes. Therefore, it can only survive as a coinfection with HBV or as a superinfection. Chronic HDV infection results in rapid liver damage and can result in end stage liver disease. Currently, pegylated interferon alpha is the only approved therapy for chronic HDV infection and is associated with significant side effects. Thus, liver transplant remains the only option for patients with end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma due to coinfection or superinfection with HDV and HBV, fulminant liver failure and those who cannot be treated with interferon-based therapies. Post transplantation reinfection with HDV/HBV is an undesirable outcome. Though, there is a consensus that hepatitis B immune globulin in combination with a potent nucleoside/nucleotide analogue have shown promising results. In addition, there is ongoing research for newer treatment drugs. This review article focuses on liver transplant in patients as a result of hepatitis D virus. We have discussed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, indication of liver transplantation, treatment options and the outcomes. New therapy trials have been also discussed in the treatment section. We believe that this topic is an area of knowledge gap and this article will cover the basics. |
| Publish Date |
2021-03-20 02:13 |
| Citation |
Muhammad H, Tehreem A, Hammami M, Ting PS, Idilman R, Gurakar A. Hepatitis D virus and liver transplantation: Indications and outcomes. World J Hepatol 2021; 13(3): 291-299 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v13/i3/291.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.291 |
