| ISSN |
1007-9327 (print) and 2219-2840 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
|
| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
|
| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Medicine, Research & Experimental |
| Manuscript Type |
Frontier |
| Article Title |
Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in cytoprotection to resolve major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome
|
| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Predrag Sikiric, Anita Skrtic, Slaven Gojkovic, Ivan Krezic, Helena Zizek, Eva Lovric, Suncana Sikiric, Mario Knezevic, Sanja Strbe, Marija Milavic, Antonio Kokot, Alenka Boban Blagaic and Sven Seiwerth |
| ORCID |
|
| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
| Funding Agency |
Grant Number |
| University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia |
BM 099 |
|
| Corresponding Author |
Predrag Sikiric, MD, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. sikiric@mef.hr |
| Key Words |
Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157; Cytoprotection; Major vessel occlusion disturbances; Pringle maneuver; Budd-Chiari syndrome; Therapy |
| Core Tip |
Summarizing the essential epithelium and endothelium protection interplay described in Robert’s and Szabo’s cytoprotection concept, and the role of the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a likely mediator, we suggest that BPC 157 may be a useful cytoprotective therapy. The hope is that it could finally bring into practice the huge theoretical importance of all aspects of the cytoprotection concept. Conceptually, there is a new point to discuss (bypassed occluded or ruptured vessel, the equation endothelium maintenance → epithelium maintenance = blood vessel recruitment and activation towards defect or bypassing vessel occlusion), the recruitment of collateral blood vessels to compensate for vessel occlusion and reestablish blood flow. BPC 157 counteracts various venous occlusion-induced syndromes, as well as inferior caval vein syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome in rats. Activation of the alternative collateral pathways to bypass occlusion and reestablish alternative blood flow, results in the counteraction of the consequent syndromes. The severe venous occlusion-induced disturbances, the high portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, arterial and venous thrombosis, both peripherally and centrally, and various organ lesions (i.e., gastrointestinal, liver, kidney, heart, and brain) were all attenuated and/or eliminated. Furthermore, this particular beneficial effect may be competing with the Virchow's triad that can be a common presentation [i.e., duodenal venous congestion lesions, perforated cecum, ischemic/reperfusion colitis, bile duct ligation-induced liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, temporary portal triad occlusion (ischemia-reperfusion injury following the Pringle maneuver), and suprahepatic occlusion of the inferior caval vein (Budd-Chiari syndrome)]. The resolution of these various venous occlusion-induced syndromes emphasizes the evidence that as the native cytoprotective gastric peptide a stable gastric pentadecapeptide membrane stabilizer, BPC 157, which is stable in the human gastric juice and counteracts gut-leaky syndrome, is a particular target and easily distinguished from standard peptide growth factors, involving particular molecular pathways, and specifically controlling the VEGF and NO pathways, in particular the prostaglandin pathway. |
| Publish Date |
2021-12-31 12:21 |
| Citation |
Sikiric P, Skrtic A, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Zizek H, Lovric E, Sikiric S, Knezevic M, Strbe S, Milavic M, Kokot A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in cytoprotection to resolve major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(1): 23-46 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v28/i1/23.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.23 |
