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1	"This study provides practical suggestions and strategies for ESD treatment. It has good clinical application value, and also provides a good clinical quality evaluation index of standardized treatment for the curative ESD resection of early gastric cancer by digestive endoscopists. We also hope that the author of this paper will continue to explore the ESD related process and evaluation of early gastric cancer, and provide more evidence for clinical follow-up." Kim GH. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: It is time to consider the quality of its outcomes. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(43): 5800-5803 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i43.5800]
2	"In this paper, the effect of TLK1 on the progression of gastric cancer was studied. In vitro, the effect of TLK1 on the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was studied, while in vivo, the effect of TLK1 on tumor growth was studied using the nude mouse ectopic tumor model. However, the effect on the metastasis of tumor in vivo is not clear." Sun RC, Li J, Li YX, Wang HZ, Dal E, Wang ML, Li YX. Tousled-like kinase 1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating the tumor growth factor-beta signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(44): 5919-5934 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i44.5919]
3	"The authors of this review explore the intricate relationship between gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes, shedding light on a novel and intriguing field. In recent years, an increasing body of research has been dedicated to unraveling the connection between gut microbiome, or gut flora, and various diseases. As a metabolic chronic condition, type 2 diabetes poses a significant threat to public health. This review succinctly summarizes the involvement of gut microbes in the development of type 2 diabetes while providing comprehensive explanations for these theories. Importantly, the authors propose strategies for leveraging gut microbiota as potential therapeutic interventions for type 2 diabetes. The perspectives presented in this review not only serve as a valuable reference for further research but also offer insightful guidance for clinicians in managing type 2 diabetes and empowering individuals to combat it through regulation of their gut flora. This review exhibits logical coherence, meticulous detail, substantial content depth, and profound academic insight that reflect the authors' rigorous scholarly style and extensive academic foundation." Li SX, Guo Y. Gut microbiome: New perspectives for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(31): 7508-7520 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7508]
4	"We read with interest the review article on "Gut microbiome: New perspectives for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment" by Shu-Xiao Li et al. We affirm the authors' view that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and that regulation of gut microbiota is a new approach to T2DM treatment. We are very grateful to the authors for their dedication to the study of intestinal flora in T2DM, which helps to elucidate the mechanism affecting blood glucose level from a new perspective, and provides new treatment ideas for T2DM and its complications. Intestinal flora is the largest microecosystem in the human body and has a significant impact on the body's material and energy metabolism. Recent studies have shown that in addition to obesity, genetics and islet dysfunction, intestinal flora disturbance may be an important factor causing T2DM. However, long-term consumption of high-sugar and high-fat diet can lead to intestinal flora disorder in the host, and the increase of opportunistic bacteria; intestinal epithelial mucosal and barrier functions are damaged, and inflammatory factors and harmful metabolites enter the blood. We strongly agree with Shu-Xiao Li et al. on the pathogenesis of intestinal flora in T2DM, including bile acid theory, the theory of short-chain fatty acids and Endotoxin theory. In fact, the relationship between intestinal flora and bile acid metabolism is not one-way. Guo et al. believe that intestinal flora regulates the metabolism, synthesis and reabsorption of bile acids, and bile acids control the growth and diversity of intestinal flora. This important bidirectional imbalance may be a key factor leading to the occurrence of various diseases such as T2DM. In addition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a derivative of the gut microbiota, also play an important role in T2DM. In addition to the role of SCFAs described in Shu-Xiao Li et al., SCFAs also plays an important role in regulating liver glycogen metabolism and improving skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Hepatic insulin resistance is an early symptom of T2DM. Zhao et al. found that G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43)-β-arrestin2-AMPK-PGC1-α signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of liver glycogen metabolism by butyric acid. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is one of the indicators to evaluate the severity of T2DM. Yang et al. found that exercise had an effect on the distribution of intestinal microbiota in T2DM model rats, mainly because acetic acid improved insulin resistance by increasing the autophagy of skeletal muscle, which may involve the SCFAs/GPR43 signaling axis. In addition, metabolic endotoxemia with altered microbiota induces systemic inflammatory responses by stimulating the immune system through bacterial translocation. Lipopolysaccharide, as one of the endotoxins, is an important factor in inducing T2DM and its complications. Diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Liu et al. found that the C/EBP-β/AEP signaling pathway of neurons activated by inflammation is associated with diabetes and AD, and induces AD pathology and cognitive impairment. In view of the important influence of intestinal flora on the onset of T2DM, regulation of intestinal flora has also become an important means to treat T2DM, such as diet regulation, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal bacteria transplantation. Shu-Xiao Li et al. focused on the relationship between intestinal flora and T2DM in basic experiments, and clinical studies have also become a hot topic in recent years. The clinical study of Larsen et al. confirmed for the first time that intestinal flora of T2DM patients was significantly different from that of normal population. Compared with normal people, the number of Bifidobacteria, Clostridium and Firmicutes in the intestinal flora of diabetic patients was significantly reduced. The number of Bacteroides and β-proteus increased significantly. SCFAs can improve blood glucose, body mass, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance in T2DM patients. Clinical studies found that SCFAs affected the viability of human islet cells in a concentration-dependent manner, prevented streptozotocin induced β cell apoptosis, and prevented streptozotocin induced β cell oxygen consumption by supporting mitochondrial respiratory function. However, the specific mechanism of SCFAs and insulin secretion (GSIS) remains unclear. In animal experiments, acetic acid can promote GSIS by activating parasympathetic nerve, but in clinical studies, acetic acid has not shown a promoting effect on GSIS. Although different results have been produced in human and animal experiments, this may be caused by the pharmacological properties of free fatty acid receptor 2, an important receptor of SCFAs, and the species differences of experimental subjects. It is worth noting that free fatty acid receptor 2 is a promising new therapeutic target for T2DM. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out large-scale clinical trials to promote the clinical transformation of basic research results, so as to better serve patients. In short, T2DM has gradually become an increasingly prominent social health problem worldwide. As a chronic progressive, low-grade inflammatory disease, T2DM seriously affects the functions of human circulation, nervous system, urinary system, digestion and other systems, reduces the quality of life of patients, and consumes a lot of medical resources. Therefore, it is of great significance and urgency to study the pathological mechanism and effective prevention and treatment of T2DM. As the "second genome" of human, intestinal flora is expected to become a new therapeutic target for T2DM in terms of reducing insulin resistance, increasing glucose and lipid metabolism and alleviating inflammatory response, providing theoretical basis for its standardized treatment." Li SX, Guo Y. Gut microbiome: New perspectives for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(31): 7508-7520 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7508]
5	"1) Consider breaking the abstract into shorter paragraphs for improved readability. 2) The abstract mentions challenges in thyroid cancer management without providing specific examples. Consider briefly specifying some common challenges to give readers a more concrete understanding. 3) While the abstract mentions "remarkable improvement in sensitivity and specificity," it would be more impactful if specific percentages or quantitative results from the recent studies were included. This adds credibility and provides a clearer picture of the advancements. 4) Try to add more pictures to describe the work." Nagendra L, Pappachan JM, Fernandez CJ. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer: Recent advances and future directions. Artif Intell Cancer 2023; 4(1): 1-10 [DOI: 10.35713/aic.v4.i1.1]
6	"A good case report." Li H, Wang L, Wu YH, Chen G, Li HX, Fan LF, Gu M, Jiang CH. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with hemophilic syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis: A rare case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(31): 7673-7679 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7673]
7	"Dear Editor, Thank you for your invitation. I am pleased to inform you that I have completed the review/reading of the manuscript titled "Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer" for Volume 29 Issue 39. I have uploaded the review report through the "letter to editor" format to the submission system with Manuscript ID: 89911. In the letter, I extensively discuss the systematic modeling of risk factors for preoperative colorectal cancer patients. Our aim is to better guide clinicians in identifying individuals with a high risk of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer and provide support for implementing personalized treatment strategies. I hope that my review report contributes positively to the further improvement and publication of the manuscript. Once again, I appreciate your invitation, and I look forward to seeing this significant research published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. Best regards, Hua Yu, MD, Associate Chief Physician Department of General Surgery Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine " Zheng HD, Hu YH, Ye K, Xu JH. Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(39): 5483-5493 [PMID: 37900997 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i39.5483]
8	"In the study, the authors conducted a single-center randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of ulinastatin therapy in preventing DVT. The trial involved a study group receiving ulinastatin therapy and a control group receiving standard treatment. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of DVT after brain tumor surgery. The use of ulinastatin therapy for DVT prevention is an interesting topic considering the potential risks and complications associated with DVT after surgical procedures. The study design, a randomized controlled trial, is generally considered a robust method for evaluating treatment effectiveness. Upon review, the authors found that ulinastatin therapy showed a significant reduction in the incidence of DVT compared to the control group. This finding suggests that ulinastatin therapy may be a promising intervention in preventing DVT after brain tumor surgery. However, it is important to consider the limitations of a single-center study, such as potential biases and limited generalizability to other populations. While this research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of ulinastatin therapy, further studies with larger sample sizes and multi-center collaborations are warranted to confirm and generalize these findings. Additionally, a more in-depth analysis of the safety profile and potential adverse effects associated with ulinastatin therapy would be valuable for a comprehensive evaluation. Overall, this study contributes to the existing knowledge on DVT prevention after brain tumor surgery, suggesting that ulinastatin therapy could be a promising strategy. Clinicians and researchers in the field should consider these findings when designing future studies or clinical guidelines related to DVT prevention in neurosurgical patients." Tao YN, Han Q, Jiao W, Yang LK, Wang F, Xue S, Shen M, Wang YH. Effects of ulinastatin therapy in deep vein thrombosis prevention after brain tumor surgery: A single-center randomized controlled trial. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(31): 7583-7592 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7583]
9	"In this article, the authors innovatively operated endoscopic transgastric fenestration (ETGF) to manage (peri)pancreatic fluid collection (PFC)s adjacent to the stomach as was shown in the video and compared the efficacy and safety of interventions for PFCs between ETGF and percutaneous drainage (PCD). ETGF was benefitial to drainage and convenient for endoscopic debridement when encounter necrosis inside the cavity. On the other hand, without stent implantation, stent-related complications were avoided. In the results, the authors concluded that the ETGF without stent placement is superior to PCD as referred to clinical success rate. Meanwhile, there were no statistically significant differences between the two approaches concerning the incidence of recurrence, reintervention, and complications. Transalimentary stent implantation has already carried out and been mature in many tertiary hospitals of China though complication was inevitable sometimes. So it may make more sense to compare stenting with ETGF. Anyhow, it was an interesting study and ETGF would be an alternative decent management for PFCs adjacent to the stomach especially for lesion complicated with infection or necrosis." Zhang HM, Ke HT, Ahmed MR, Li YJ, Nabi G, Li MH, Zhang JY, Liu D, Zhao LX, Liu BR. Endoscopic transgastric fenestration versus percutaneous drainage for management of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections adjacent to gastric wall (with video). World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(40): 5557-5565 [PMID: 37970477 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i40.5557]
10	"I am interested in a recent review of comprehensive scientometrics and clinical trials on immunotherapy for gastric cancer. It reviews the development of immunotherapy in the field of gastric cancer in recent years and emphasizes its new prospects as a treatment for gastric cancer." Li YN, Xie B, Zhang Y, He MH, Xing Y, Mu DM, Wang H, Guo R. Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review (1999-2023). World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(40): 5593-5617 [PMID: 37970478 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i40.5593]
11	"Useful, helpful and well-written case report with valid recommendations and practical significance. " Yu Y, Wang QQ, Jian L, Yang DC. Infrequent organ involvement in immunoglobulin G4-related prostate disease: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(30): 7485-7491 [PMID: 37969446 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i30.7485]
12	"The case report supports the importance of management of loss of efficacy of biological, I.e., anti-TNFa. " Ancona S, Signa S, Longo C, Cangemi G, Carfora R, Drago E, La Rosa A, Crocco M, Chiaro A, Gandullia P, Arrigo S. Dose escalation of adalimumab as a strategy to overcome anti-drug antibodies: A case report of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5428-5434 [PMID: 37900586 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5428]
13	"This scoping review reveals the recent advances in management of IBD. " Demers K, Bak MTJ, Bongers BC, de Vries AC, Jonkers DMAE, Pierik MJ, Stassen LPS. Scoping review on health-related physical fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Assessment, interventions, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5406-5427 [PMID: 37900583 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5406]
14	"The paper gives a good insight on the field. " Zi J, Li YH, Wang XM, Xu HQ, Liu WH, Cui JY, Niu JQ, Chi XM. Hepatitis D virus dual-infection among Chinese hepatitis B patient related to hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B virus DNA and age. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5395-5405 [PMID: 37900584 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5395]
15	"The authors provided a new questionnaire for scoring the condition that could be employed in the practice easily. " Vescio A, Testa G, Caldaci A, Sapienza M, Pavone V. Catania flatfoot score: A diagnostic-therapeutic evaluation tool in children. World J Orthop 2023; 14(10): 755-762 [PMID: 37970624 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i10.755]
16	"Very interesting and helpful for the clinical practice case. " Al-Anii FM, Sadat-Ali M, Al-Tabash KW, AlMulhim AI, AlMousa SA, AlHawas AM. Vancomycin flushing syndrome in orthopaedic practice: A case report. World J Orthop 2023; 14(10): 771-775 [PMID: 37970623 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i10.771]
17	"TO THE EDITOR We are watching with interest the new literature published discussing the topic of hepatic recompensation according to Baveno VII criteria [1]. We believe it is a promising topic for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis as it was previously thought that reaching the stage of decompensation in liver cirrhosis is a point of no return. This topic opens a new hope for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and would affect their clinical outcome if the appropriate therapeutic measures were taken. The Baveno VII concept of hepatic recompensation focuses on the clearance of the etiological factor of the chronic liver disease and proof of clinical and biochemical improvement of the patient’s conditions. We read the interesting manuscript of Gao L et al [2], who presented a retrospective analysis on 64 patients who received TIPS for variceal bleeding or refractory ascites. It was interesting that one third of the patient population achieved hepatic recompensation as per Baveno VII criteria. The concept of Baveno VII is novel and we still need more and more studies to accurately define the rate of recompensation under its criteria. Most of the previous studies focused on etiological clearance before measuring recompensation. It is interesting that this study adds a therapeutic intervention for portal hypertension in addition to etiological clearance. However, Baveno VII criteria put a condition of removal of the aetiology of liver cirrhosis. It was mentioned in the study that all patients received necessary medication or lifestyle interventions for treating their respective causes according to the Guidelines of the European Association for the Study of the Liver Disease and that these interventions had been aimed at achieving the removal/suppression of the primary cause of cirrhosis. It is not mentioned in the study what primary disease did the study cohort have, in addition to whether they achieved etiological clearance or only suppression. In case there was only suppression instead of clearance of the primary disease, then one factor of Baveno VII criteria is not fulfilled. This point was highlighted in the study limitations’ part. We suggest that therapeutic interventions as TIPS would be considered in criteria of recompensation independent of clearance of the primary disease in future recompensation definitions in case it could not be achieved or sub-optimally achieved, as in many cases with non-alcohol and non-viral etiologies. Again, more prospective, multicenter studies will add to the growing body of evidence discussing this topic. They could involve differential cohorts of patients with different underlying etiologies. They could also discuss the natural history of hepatic recompensation, modifying factors, potential noninvasive biomarkers, and molecular mechanisms of the disease regression [3]. Double blinded studies will pose an ethical challenge as giving no intervention to clear the etiology for decompensated cases will deprive those patients in such an advanced condition from a potential of their disease improvement. REFERENCES: 1 R. de Franchis, J. Bosch, G. Garcia Tsao, T. Reiberger, C. Ripoll, J.G. Abraldes, et al. Baveno VII - renewing consensus in portal hypertension J Hepatol (2021), p. 0 2 Gao L, Li MB, Li JY, Liu Y, Ren C, Feng DP. Impressive recompensation in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt-treated individuals with complications of decompensated cirrhosis based on Baveno VII criteria. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5383-5394 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5383] 3 Reiberger T, Hofer BS. The Baveno VII concept of cirrhosis recompensation. Dig Liver Dis. 2023 Apr;55(4):431-441. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.12.014. Epub 2023 Jan 14. PMID: 36646527. " Gao L, Li MB, Li JY, Liu Y, Ren C, Feng DP. Impressive recompensation in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt-treated individuals with complications of decompensated cirrhosis based on Baveno VII criteria. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5383-5394 [PMID: 37900585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5383]
18	"Biliary dyskinesia is one of the more common gastrointestinal diseases, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, its incidence is showing an increasing trend year by year. Moreover, the pathogenesis of biliary dyskinesia is still unclear, which directly hinders the progress of drug development. Fortunately, Xu et al demonstrated that cholecystokinin (CCK) regulates the contractile function of the common bile duct by acting on cholecystokinin-A receptor (CCK-A receptor) in interstitial Cajal-like cells of the common bile duct. We agree with the authors' findings that cholecystokinin-A receptors (CCK-A receptors) is highly expressed on common bile duct (CBD) interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) and that cholecystokinin (CCK) acts on ICLC CCK-A receptors to regulate CBD smooth muscle contraction in a dose-dependent manner. We are grateful to the authors for their commitment to the study of CCK and CCK-A receptors in biliary dyskinesia, which will help to further elucidate the key cells and their receptors affecting biliary dyskinesia and provide promising directions for emerging therapies in the clinic. CCK is an important gastrointestinal and neuronal peptide hormone that regulates the functions of the digestive, cardiovascular, and neurological systems upon binding to the CCKR of target cells. In the digestive system, CCK regulates cholecystic contraction, pancreatic enzyme secretion and gastrointestinal peristalsis. CCK binds to CCKR to contract the gallbladder and promote cholecystic emptying and bile release. CCK mediates rhythmic gallbladder contraction and sphincter of Oddi diastole, allowing the release of bile from the gallbladder into the duodenum to participate in food digestion. Therefore, a animal study has found that increasing CCK levels were conducive to the enhancement of cholecystic contractile function, on the contrary, decreasing CCK levels cause cholecystic contractile dysfunction and ultimately lead to gallstone formation. Importantly, Xu et al found that CCK acted on ICLC CCK-A receptors to regulate guinea pig CBD smooth muscle contractility in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that CCK and CCK-A receptors play a key role in regulating CBD smooth muscle contraction. CCK-A receptor is a major mediator of gallbladder smooth muscle contraction and is highly expressed on guinea pig CBD ICLC. Reduced CCK-A receptor in mouse gallbladder is an important cause of cholelithiasis. The above animal studies suggest that CCK and CCK-A receptors may be attractive targets for combating biliary dyskinesia. However, little research has been reported on the safety and efficacy of CCK and CCK-A receptors in humans. A clinical study exploring whether a CCK-A agonist (GI181771X) was beneficial in reducing body weight in obese patients. GI181771X was found to have no significant effect on body weight, waist circumference, hepatobiliary, pancreatic and other cardiometabolic markers, but had side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, suggests that increasing CCK-A receptor levels has no effect on the gallbladder system in obese patients, but affects gastrointestinal function. In contrast, another clinical study analyzed the role of CCK-A receptors in patients with functional dyspepsia and found that CCK-A antagonist (dexloxiglumide) attenuated gastric volume and dyspepsia during duodenal lipid infusion, and also reduced gastric compliance during gastric distension, implies that CCK-A receptors is an important cause of gastric distension and duodenal lipid-induced dyspeptic symptoms. Similar clinical studies have used the CCK-A antagonist (loxiglumide) to assess the role of CCK-A receptors in duodenal lipids and postprandial satiety and nausea, and found that loxiglumide reduced postprandial satiety and nausea, revealing that CCK-A receptors induced symptoms such as duodenal lipids and postprandial satiety and nausea. Thus, the above studies suggest that there are limitations to the safety of CCK-A receptors and their associated roles in humans, and that there are a number of core issues that remain to be resolved. As an important hormone that affects the contraction of gallbladder tissue, CCK plays an irreplaceable role in the physiological homeostasis of the body. However, current animal and clinical studies cannot fully prove its biological effects, and its safety and effectiveness are worth of further discussion. A study has found that CCK promotes gastric motility in guinea pigs, while it has opposite effects on gastric motility for humans and dogs, indicating that the effect of CCK on gastric motility is species different. Whether there are species differences in the impact of CCK on biliary motility needs to be fully designed and studied. In addition, the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between CCK and CCK-A receptors, which mediate the cholecystic contractile function, remains to be further elucidated. After clarifying the safety and effectiveness between CCK and CCK-A receptors in animal experiments, it is necessary to conduct large-scale clinical trials in order to promote the clinical transformation of basic research results and better serve patients. After the safety and efficacy of CCK and CCK-A receptors have been clarified in animal experiments, it is necessary to carry out large-scale clinical trials to promote the clinical translation of basic research results, and then better serve patients. In conclusion, the traditional treatment of biliary dyskinesia mainly cholecystectomy, but cholecystectomy may cause side effects such as diarrhea, dyspepsia, and duodenal gastrointestinal reflux, as well as damage to the patient's immune system, and in recent years, gallbladder conservation therapy is mostly adopted for biliary dyskinesia-related disorders, which makes the search for potential targets for the prevention and treatment of biliary dyskinesia particularly important. Biliary tract dynamics is a hotspot direction in the research of extra-biliary science. With the continuous deepening of basic and clinical research on biliary tract dynamics, it is expected to clarify its key cells and receptors and their functions and regulatory mechanisms, to search for therapeutic targets for biliary dyskinesia, and to design drugs against unique targets, which in turn will provide theoretical basis for the standardized treatment of biliary dyskinesia. " Xu D, Ma SL, Huang ML, Zhang H. Expression and functional study of cholecystokinin-A receptors on the interstitial Cajal-like cells of the guinea pig common bile duct. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5374-5382 [PMID: 37900582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5374]
19	"We read with great interest a review on “Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome” by Antony MA et al[1]. A conclusion that microbiome supplementation can increase the number of beneficial microbes and reduce harmful microbes in the gut of patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome . Data from the past decade suggest that with the rise of the microbiome field, it is possible that mechanisms contributing to risk factors for metabolic syndrome are coming from the gut [2]. Disruption of the gut barrier may lead to systemic chronic inflammation, which in turn leads to organ dysfunction and ultimately host metabolic disease [3].Interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism have been shown to be mediated by a variety of factors including gut barrier defects, bile acid metabolism, antibiotic use, and the pleiotropic effects of metabolites produced by microbes[2]. The gut microbiome can influence host metabolism through its metabolites: 1. SCFA are microbially derived biologically active by-products that interact with host metabolism in a complex manner[2].2. Tetrahydroxanthohumol (TXN) attenuates diet-induced obesity and adverse phenotypic outcomes of metabolic syndrome primarily by reducing the number of pro-inflammatory gut microbes[4].3.Polyphenols (PPs) are naturally occurring bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity and ROS reduction, which play an important role in human nutrition.PPs are metabolised in the gut; therefore, prolonged retention of PPs in the gut can have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, which also enhances the bioactivity of PPs by biotransforming them into active metabolites, thus contributing to the improvement of overall gut microbial activity, thus contributing to the improvement of overall gut health[5].4. polymethoxyflavone-rich extracts (PMFE) from citrus may modulate amino acid metabolism by regulating the gut microbiota to make it healthier, thereby reducing the incidence of metabolic syndrome[6]. The ability of fecal microbiota transplantation to transfer a metabolically healthy microbiome into recipients with MetS to achieve a healthy phenotype has been demonstrated in many rodent studies[2].A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial has shown that gut phages from healthy donors can temporarily alter the gut microbiota in patients with metabolic syndrome [7]. In summary, the gut microbiota influences host metabolism through multiple mechanisms of action, and thus the gut microbiota may be a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, further studies are needed to deepen our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome." Antony MA, Chowdhury A, Edem D, Raj R, Nain P, Joglekar M, Verma V, Kant R. Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1502-1513 [PMID: 37970133 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502]
20	"This article discusses the multifaceted association between diabetes mellitus and kidney disease in terms of clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and new therapeutic opportunities, which are of great clinical guidance." Esposito P, Picciotto D, Cappadona F, Costigliolo F, Russo E, Macciò L, Viazzi F. Multifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney diseases: Beyond diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1450-1462 [PMID: 37970131 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1450]
21	"Interesting paper." Liu QJ, Yuan W, Yang P, Shao C. Role of glycolysis in diabetic atherosclerosis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1478-1492 [PMID: 37970130 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1478]
22	"Thank you for the informative paper." Wang H, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Parhar RS, Gaugler R, Hashmi S. Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1463-1477 [PMID: 37970124 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1463]
23	"Author Details: First Author and Corresponding Author: Dr. Prasanna Venkatesh Ramesh MBBS, MS, DNB, MNAMS, FAICO (Glaucoma), FICO (Glaucoma), Fellowship in Glaucoma Surgery and Research (Sathyan Eye Care and Coimbatore Glaucoma Foundation) Medical Officer, Department of Glaucoma and Research Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India Email: email2prajann@gmail.com 1st Co-Author: Ms. Ajanya K Aradhya B. Optom Optometrist, Department of Optometry and Visual Science Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India Email: ajanyak777@gmail.com 2nd Co-Author: Aji Kunnath Devadas B. Optom Research Optometrist, Department of Optometry and Visual Science Mahathma Eye Hospital Private Limited, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India Email: ajikdevadas@gmail.com Reader Comments: Commentary on titled “Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients: Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?” The article titled "Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients: Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?" offers valuable perspectives on the difficulties associated with diabetes management and the growing need for healthcare services among individuals with diabetes. Diabetes, as the article rightly emphasizes, is a health condition that affects individuals across all social backgrounds. The prevalence of diabetes requires comprehensive healthcare services due to the associated risks of comorbidities, difficulties in maintaining glycemic control, and frequent hospitalizations.[1] In the context of this article, it's important to highlight the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for assessing diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes. The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for assessing diabetic retinopathy is a significant advancement in the management of diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy, a consequence of diabetes, poses a significant risk of vision impairment and potential blindness when not promptly identified and managed. Innovative AI tools have been developed to support healthcare professionals in the early detection of diabetic retinopathy by analyzing eye fundus images. AI systems can detect diabetic retinopathy at its earliest stages, allowing for timely interventions and preventing vision loss. The AI tool created by us using Human-in-the-loop machine training, help in not only finding the diagnosis and the grade of the disease, but also help in detecting the intricate signs of the condition. This aligns with the overall goal of the article, which is to improve healthcare accessibility and utilization among diabetic patients. By automating the process of retinopathy screening, AI tools can potentially reduce the financial burden on patients, which is a relevant consideration in the context of the article's focus on the economics of diabetes care. AI tools can be deployed in a variety of healthcare settings, including remote and underserved areas, enhancing the accessibility of diabetic retinopathy screening services. In addition to identification and classification, the AI tool created by us is designed to pinpoint specific signs of DR, such as microaneurysms, hard exudates, dot-blot hemorrhages, and neovascularization through trained customized human annotations. Expanding the use of this innovative system globally would have a more positive impact in regions where there is a shortage of ophthalmologists and for poor patients who are not able to afford consultations and other charges. In these areas, an artificial intelligence tool can be employed. The integration of AI for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy represents a promising breakthrough in the field of healthcare. By leveraging AI, healthcare professionals can enhance the early detection of retinopathy, thereby preventing vision impairment and blindness.[2-4] In conclusion, the article underscores the importance of accessibility and utilization of healthcare services for diabetic patients, dispelling the notion that diabetes is exclusive to low-income individuals. The integration of AI tools in diabetic retinopathy assessment, especially the evaluation of fundus images, represents a noteworthy advancement in healthcare. AI-driven approaches not only assist in early diagnosis but can also contribute to cost-effectiveness and consistency in care, which is crucial for diabetic patients from various socioeconomic backgrounds. References: 1. Eseadi C, Amedu AN, Ilechukwu LC, Ngwu MO, Ossai OV. Accessibility and utilization of healthcare services among diabetic patients: Is diabetes a poor man’s ailment? World Journal of Diabetes. 2023 Oct 15;14(10):1493–501. 2. Ramesh PV, Ramesh SV, Subramanian T, Ray P, Devadas AK, Ansar SM, et al. Customised artificial intelligence toolbox for detecting diabetic retinopathy with confocal truecolor fundus images using object detection methods. TNOA J Ophthalmic Sci Res 2023;61:57‑66. 3. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Role of artifcial intelligence and machine learning in ophthalmology. Kerala J Ophthalmol 2019;31:150‑60. 4. Schmidt‑Erfurth U, Sadeghipour A, Gerendas BS, Waldstein SM, Bogunović H. Artifcial intelligence in retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018;67:1‑29." Eseadi C, Amedu AN, Ilechukwu LC, Ngwu MO, Ossai OV. Accessibility and utilization of healthcare services among diabetic patients: Is diabetes a poor man’s ailment? World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1493-1501 [PMID: 37970126 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1493]
24	"Name of Journal: World Journal of Diabetes Manuscript Type: LETTER TO THE EDITOR "Tailored Nutritional Interventions: A Precision Approach to Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" Babita Pande, Henu Kumar Verma, L.V.K.S Bhaskar 1. Department of Physiology, All india institute of medical science Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India 2. Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany 3. Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University Bilaspur, koni Chhattisgarh, India Author contributions: BP and HKV designed research; BP;HKV and LB performed research; BP,HKV, AND LB analyzed data and wrote the letter; and HKV, revised the letter. Corresponding author: Dr. Henu Kumar Verma Postdoctoral Scientist Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany Email: henu.verma@yahoo.com henu.verma@helmholtz-muenchen.de Mobile:+91 7879727474/ +39 3922185508 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-8783 "Tailored Nutritional Interventions: A Precision Approach to Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" Dear Editor, Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disturbance during pregnancy that is associated with morbidity and poor maternal-fetal outcomes. GDM is characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance or hyperglycaemia having elevated blood glucose level above normal but below diagnostic level. GDM is the consequence of altered glucose regulation during pregnancy, and decrease maternal insulin sensitivity due to inability of pancreatic beta cells primarily in the third trimester [1]. GDM is now emerging as global burden with global prevalence of 14.0% [2]. Clinical diagnosis manifested interim and long standing consequences of GDM to both maternal and neonatal leading to development of type 2 diabetes in mother and offspring as well as in cardiometabolic disorders in offspring [1]. The pathophysiology of GDM women are abnormal glucolipid metabolism, raised fasting blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), delayed lactation time, perinatal complications (like weight gain, cesarean section, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, and pregnancy-induced hypertension), and neonatal adverse events (like stillbirth, premature infants, fetal macrosomia, fetal growth restriction, hypo-glycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome) as observed in the third trimester [3-5]. Nonetheless, the screening timing, diagnostic thresholds and treatment for GDM are varying and unclear. Routinely, GDM diagnosed during prenatal screening and the first-line of treatment strategies includes the lifestyle management in addition to pharmacological interventions. The lifestyle management through nutritional intervention is the preferred way to control GDM related adverse outcomes. In this context, the nutritional intervention study “Effect of individualized nutrition interventions on clinical outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus” by Jian-Ying Luo [6], is of great interest. "In this single-center study, the researchers demonstrated the importance of individualized nutritional intervention as a crucial preventive and treatment strategy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). A total of 200 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were provided with personalized nutritional plans tailored to their body weight, health condition, and energy demands. The personalized nutritional intervention included optimizing the quantity and timing of major meals, incorporating additional meals with appropriate nutrient quantities at specific time intervals, regular exercise, controlling body weight, and managing blood glucose levels. Additionally, the participants received guidance on basic and targeted lactation massage techniques and breastfeeding skills. In contrast, the control group, without individualized nutritional intervention, was advised to consume small and frequent meals along with vitamin supplementation, reduced fat intake, regular exercise, and maintaining control over body weight and blood glucose levels. The study's findings revealed a significant reduction in body weight and improved glucolipid metabolism, indicated by lowered total triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among GDM women following the tailored regimen. Furthermore, the group receiving individualized nutritional intervention experienced earlier lactation initiation, reduced perinatal complications, and fewer neonatal adverse events. Individualized nutrition played a pivotal role in maintaining optimal body weight and glucose levels by modulating metabolic markers such as insulin resistance. These results emphasize the effectiveness of personalized nutritional interventions in managing GDM and promoting maternal and neonatal health [7]. Further, the gestational time for nutritional therapy and the type and amount of carbohydrates diet according to maternal health condition [8]. The findings of Luo et al.[6] and earlier reports [7,9] on nutritional therapy during pregnancy in women with GDM are of clinical relevance to improve maternal-foetal-offspring health and curtail risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and suggested to implement such trials at multi center level to established the personalized nutritional treatment. "In this context, it is essential to highlight the concept of 'chrononutrition,' which is gaining attention as an effective means of nutritional intervention. Chrononutrition emphasizes the importance of 'optimum meal timing' synchronized with an individual's circadian rhythm to ensure health benefits [10]. Specifically, eating high-caloric foods at odd times, such as at night, can disrupt the circadian rhythm in glucose metabolism because insulin sensitivity remains low during the night [10]. A randomized controlled trial conducted by Messika et al. [11] demonstrated that chrononutritional interventions and improved sleep hygiene can enhance glycemic control in women with GDM by reducing carbohydrate intake during the evening hours. Therefore, we propose that, in addition to considering the quality and quantity of nutrition, meal timing and adequate sleep should be taken into account when providing personalized nutritional interventions to women with GDM. This holistic approach can contribute to alleviating maternal-fetal-offspring health outcomes and enhance the effectiveness of medications during pregnancy. Reference 1 Johns EC, Denison FC, Norman JE, Reynolds RM. Gestational diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, treatment, and complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29: 743-754 [PMID: 30297319 Doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.004] 2 Wang H, Li N, Chivese T, Werfalli M, Sun H, Yuen L, Hoegfeldt CA, Elise Powe C, Immanuel J, Karuranga S, Divakar H, Levitt N, Li C, Simmons D, Yang X; IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Special Interest Group. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Estimation of Global and Regional Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group's Criteria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 183: 109050. [PMID: 34883186 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109050] 3 Li X, Li TT, Tian RX, Fei JJ, Wang XX, Yu HH, Yin ZZ. Gestational diabetes mellitus: The optimal time of delivery. World J Diabetes 2023; 14: 179-187 [PMID: 37035228 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i3.179] 4 Lai M, Liu Y, Ronnett GV, Wu A, Cox BJ, Dai FF, Röst HL, Gunderson EP, Wheeler MB. Amino acid and lipid metabolism in post-gestational diabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes: A metabolic profiling study. PLoS Med 2020; 17: e1003112 [PMID: 32433647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003112] 5 Mullen AJ, O'Connor DL, Hanley AJ, Piedimonte G, Wallace M, Ley SH. Associations of metabolic and obstetric risk parameters with timing of lactogenesis II. Nutrients 2022; 14: 876 [PMID: 35215526 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040876] 6 Luo JY, Chen LG, Yan M, Mei YJ, Cui YQ, Jiang M. Effect of individualized nutrition interventions on clinical outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2023; 14: 1524-1531 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1524] 7 Ferrara A, Hedderson MM, Brown SD, Ehrlich SF, Tsai AL, Feng J, Galarce M, Marcovina S, Catalano P, Quesenberry CP. A telehealth lifestyle intervention to reduce excess gestational weight gain in pregnant women with overweight or obesity (GLOW): a randomised, parallel-group, controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8: 490-500. Erratum in: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023; 11: e6. [PMID: 32445736 DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30107-8] 8 Rasmussen L, Poulsen CW, Kampmann U, Smedegaard SB, Ovesen PG, Fuglsang J. Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2020; 12: 3050. [PMID: 33036170 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103050] 9 Li CL, Wang YH, Wang JL, Zhang P, Sun Y. Effect of individualized medical nutrition guidance on pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211033193[PMID: 34344218 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211033193] 10 Loy SL, Loo RSX, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Shek LP, Tan KH, Chong MF, Chan JKY, Yap F. Chrononutrition during Pregnancy: A Review on Maternal Night-Time Eating. Nutrients 2020; 12: 2783 [PMID: 32932985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092783] 11 Messika A, Toledano Y, Hadar E, Shmuel E, Tauman R, Shamir R, Froy O. Relationship among chrononutrition, sleep, and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022; 4: 100660 [PMID: 35525420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100660] " Luo JY, Chen LG, Yan M, Mei YJ, Cui YQ, Jiang M. Effect of individualized nutrition interventions on clinical outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1524-1531 [PMID: 37970125 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1524]
25	"Comprehensive and informative paper." Esposito P, Picciotto D, Cappadona F, Costigliolo F, Russo E, Macciò L, Viazzi F. Multifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney diseases: Beyond diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1450-1462 [PMID: 37970131 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1450]
26	"Dear authors, We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Dan Xu and his team for choosing to publish their latest research in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. Their outstanding article aims to illuminate the expression characteristics and significance of the cck-A receptor in CBD ICLC, as well as the role of CCK in regulating CBD movement through specific receptors. This topic is truly captivating. Through their meticulous experiments, they have demonstrated that CCK causes dose-dependent contractions of smooth muscle within a specific concentration range, and that it can also regulate CBD contractions by binding with the CCK-A receptor on ICLC. These findings will offer fresh insights into the study of biliary autonomic movement and the treatment of biliary diseases. We are delighted to read such an intriguing article. We eagerly anticipate the submission of similar high-quality articles from your research team in the future." Mocchegiani F, Vincenzi P, Conte G, Nicolini D, Rossi R, Cacciaguerra AB, Vivarelli M. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: The new frontier of biliary pathology. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5361-5373 [PMID: 37900587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5361]
27	"This article highlights the shortcomings in the evaluation of the concept of HRPF in existing research. Due to the complexity of evaluation criteria, there is significant heterogeneity in the evaluation methods used to evaluate the components of HRPF in various studies. As a reference, the author suggests that appropriate physical exercise has a positive effect on HRPF. The article also provides its own insights on the relevant influencing factors and corresponding solutions. This is the first review specifically targeting HRPF in children and adult IBD patients, with a focus on evaluating various HRPF components and the impact of physical activity and exercise training interventions on HRPF components. The content designed in this review spans multiple fields, including an analysis of recent clinical studies on IBD. This work contributes to the design and conduct of future clinical trials, lays a good foundation for basic research on IBD, and summarizes the relevant researchability for researchers. In short, this is a highly influential review article." Demers K, Bak MTJ, Bongers BC, de Vries AC, Jonkers DMAE, Pierik MJ, Stassen LPS. Scoping review on health-related physical fitness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Assessment, interventions, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5406-5427 [PMID: 37900583 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5406]
28	"First Author : Parul Chawla Gupta MS Ophthalmology Associate Professor Advanced Eye Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh Email: pcgpgi@gmail.com 1st Co-Author : Mona Duggal MD Community Medicine Associate Professor (Community Ophthalmology) Advanced Eye Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh Email: monaduggal2@gmail.com 2nd Co-Author and Corresponding Author: Arvind Kumar Morya, MS(Gold-Medalist) MNAMS Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibi Nagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India Email: bulbul.morya@gmail.com Commentary on titled “Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients: Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?” The article titled “Accessibility and Utilization of Healthcare Services Among Diabetic Patients: Is Diabetes a Poor Man’s Ailment?” is very well-written. Diabetes affects everyone, regardless of their social background. As a result, diabetes is not a disease that just affects low-income people. Diabetes patients demand more medical care services than non-diabetic patients due to their increased risk of comorbidities, poor glycemic control, and frequent hospitalisations. Despite the encouraging increase in the number of diabetes individuals seeking medical care because of increased knowledge, several personal and institutional issues continue to hinder access.1 The prevalence of diabetes among high-income earners has been linked to physical inactivity. In contrast, the prevalence of diabetes among low-income earners has been linked to poor diets and a lack of funds to manage the negative consequences of diabetic diseases. Diabetes control requires easy access to medical care providers. According to the existing research, the number of patients seeking access to medical care services has grown over time. Yet, various variables have been found in the literature that impede patient access to the available medical care services. When patients cannot receive medical care services, the fundamental goals of providing such treatments are jeopardised. As a result, the health of diabetes patients suffers, particularly in patients from low-income families in developing nations. The primary goal of all medical services is to increase the use of medical care services, and this review has shown that Diabetic patients use some of these medical care services, even though the percentage of people who use these services is negligible. The level of service is relatively poor. Diabetes medical care services are lacking in many impoverished nations, and healthcare facilities have been reported to be overstressed, particularly in low-income nations, due to increased diabetics. A cross-sectional study in Southwest China found that the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes was greater among urban older persons than their rural counterparts, as they had a higher prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and physical inactivity.2 In the National Health Interview Survey, it was revealed that diabetes was more prevalent in low-income populations. Another study that studied factors influencing the utilization of healthcare services related to diabetes included a lack of information of both the disorder and the need for screening, economic reasons, institutional constraints, unavailability of syringes and testing equipment, high wait periods at eye clinics, overcrowded clinics, and fear of discomfort.3 It has been noticed that older adults with diabetes use emergency services and some outpatient visit services more than younger people. According to research done by Shalev et al., gender affects the consumption of health care services, with females with diabetes using more health care services than their male counterparts.4,5 To improve diabetes patients' access to health care services, policies and intervention programmes should be developed and focused on reducing the current barriers that impede diabetic patients' access to health care services. Both government and non-governmental organisations should focus on improving the quality of diabetes care services, basic healthcare amenities, and health-awareness programme services to facilitate the provision of efficient medical care services to diabetic patients.6,7 References 1. Eseadi C, Amedu AN, Ilechukwu LC, Ngwu MO, Ossai OV. Accessibility and utilization of healthcare services among diabetic patients: Is diabetes a poor man’s ailment? World Journal of Diabetes. 2023;14(10):1493-1501. doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1493 2. Zhao Y, Li HF, Wu X, Li GH, Golden AR, Cai L. Rural-urban differentials of prevalence and lifestyle determinants of pre-diabetes and diabetes among the elderly in southwest China. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):603. doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15527-9 3. Piyasena MMPN, Murthy GVS, Yip JLY, et al. A qualitative study on barriers and enablers to uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening by people with diabetes in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Trop Med Health. 2019;47:34. doi:10.1186/s41182-019-0160-y 4. Buja A, Caberlotto R, Pinato C, et al. Health care service use and costs for a cohort of high-needs elderly diabetic patients. Prim Care Diabetes. 2021;15(2):397-404. doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2020.12.002 5. Shalev V, Chodick G, Heymann AD, Kokia E. Gender differences in healthcare utilization and medical indicators among patients with diabetes. Public Health. 2005;119(1):45-49. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2004.03.004 6. Mutyambizi C, Booysen F, Stokes A, Pavlova M, Groot W. Lifestyle and socio-economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in South Africa: A decomposition analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0211208. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211208 7. Itumalla R, Kumar R, Perera B, Elabbasy MT, Kumar Cg S, Kundur R. Patient’s Perception of Diabetes Care Services in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Health Psychol Res. 2022;10(3):38119. doi:10.52965/001c.38119 " Eseadi C, Amedu AN, Ilechukwu LC, Ngwu MO, Ossai OV. Accessibility and utilization of healthcare services among diabetic patients: Is diabetes a poor man’s ailment? World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1493-1501 [PMID: 37970126 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1493]
29	"It is an interesting and explanatory work. The description of the immunostaining panel should be expanded to distinguish the different differentiations of the lesions; since this parameter is of vital importance for the conclusions of the work and for the classification of the tumors described" Mocchegiani F, Vincenzi P, Conte G, Nicolini D, Rossi R, Cacciaguerra AB, Vivarelli M. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: The new frontier of biliary pathology. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5361-5373 [PMID: 37900587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5361]
30	"This article relates diabetes and kidney disease together, and proposes that accurate diagnosis of diabetes and kidney disease has important clinical significance, which will guide the clinical treatment of different patients. In terms of diagnosis, some new biomarkers have been proposed based on previous kidney biopsies, but currently, due to issues such as inconvenient operation and cost, the feasibility of these new testing techniques in clinical practice is limited. In the second aspect, the article also discussed the risk of new DM in patients with immune mediated kidney disease without diabetes or diabetes nephropathy in the past. It is mentioned in the article that about 10% -20% of patients with glomerulonephritis may develop into diabetes, which may be related to changes in the function of the glomerulus and renal tubules, and then cause a series of metabolic syndrome. This perspective has aroused my interest and I would like to learn more about the relevant mechanisms. However, this article does not elaborate on the pathophysiological mechanisms, but mainly describes the elevated blood sugar levels caused by adverse drug reactions in these patients after using immunosuppressants. This is not representative. Other diseases treated with immunosuppressants may also lead to new type 2 diabetes. In the third aspect, the anti diabetes drugs were tested, and the drugs showed renal protection. This view triggered my thinking. If we use the above hypoglycemic drugs and immunosuppressants together in the treatment of primary kidney diseases, whether it is possible to reduce the side effects of immunosuppressants on glucose raising, so as to reduce the possibility of older patients with kidney disease and type 2 diabetes secondary to immunosuppressants, we can carry out cohort studies on this aspect." Esposito P, Picciotto D, Cappadona F, Costigliolo F, Russo E, Macciò L, Viazzi F. Multifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney diseases: Beyond diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1450-1462 [PMID: 37970131 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1450]
31	"This is a retrospective study focused on recompensation after TIPS procedure. The authors confirmed TIPS could be a theatment for recompensation of patients with cirrhosis according to Baveno VII. This is an interesting topic and needs further investigating. However, the sample size seemed small and the conclusions need to be verified in larger cohort. In the article, authors proposed that lower PPG is an independent factor for recompensation of cirrhotic patients. I'm afraid that although lower PPG can reduce complications on portal hypertension, it helps less on liver function. Thus, there might be other factors that can influence the recompensation of TIPS treatment. " Gao L, Li MB, Li JY, Liu Y, Ren C, Feng DP. Impressive recompensation in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt-treated individuals with complications of decompensated cirrhosis based on Baveno VII criteria. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5383-5394 [PMID: 37900585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5383]
32	"This is well written article. Presence of one table, especially on drug would have made this paper more attractive. Authors should have also included one paragraph on the limitations and future perspective." Liu QJ, Yuan W, Yang P, Shao C. Role of glycolysis in diabetic atherosclerosis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1478-1492 [PMID: 37970130 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1478]
33	"This is a very nice article. However, it would have been better if there is a diagram that would have describe the m ultifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney diseases in summary. Authors should have also included one paragraph on the limitations and future perspective. One table for the drugs would have made easy to read and understand. Language is sometimes not easy to understand and at few places the flow in the story is very complex. This make it difficult to understand what authors want to say. " Esposito P, Picciotto D, Cappadona F, Costigliolo F, Russo E, Macciò L, Viazzi F. Multifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney diseases: Beyond diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1450-1462 [PMID: 37970131 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1450]
34	"In this manuscript, the authors have conducted a significant study on prediabetes and its progression to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a particular focus on the impact of body weight. The study's findings are relevant in the context of the growing global prevalence of T2DM and its associated complications. The study has several strengths, including a well-defined selection of patients with prediabetes based on Chinese diagnostic criteria. The research demonstrates the importance of early intervention in preventing the progression of prediabetes to T2DM. Furthermore, the study identifies specific factors, such as body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, uric acid, fasting insulin (FINS), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as independent factors influencing this progression. The discovery of a multiplicative interaction between body weight and uric acid adds a valuable dimension to the understanding of this process. However, it's essential to consider and address the differences in diagnostic criteria between the Chinese guidelines used in this study and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. The ADA guidelines emphasize the A1C test, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes. This variation in criteria should be acknowledged to provide context for interpreting the study's findings in an international context. The study's conclusion underscores the importance of weight management and the potential risks associated with high body weight and elevated uric acid levels in prediabetic patients. The recommendation for clinical vigilance and timely intervention for patients with these risk factors is valuable. " Li YY, Tong LP, Wu XD, Lin D, Lin Y, Lin XY. Analysis of influencing factors and interaction of body weight and disease outcome in patients with prediabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1551-1561 [PMID: 37970128 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1551]
35	"This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth review of the complex and multifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney disease, including clinical manifestations, disease progression, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic opportunities offered by new drugs. However, it should be noted that some of the cited references are not up-to-date articles, and the author's language is not concise and clear in certain aspects." Esposito P, Picciotto D, Cappadona F, Costigliolo F, Russo E, Macciò L, Viazzi F. Multifaceted relationship between diabetes and kidney diseases: Beyond diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1450-1462 [PMID: 37970131 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1450]
36	"It is an interesting case. I think it is an important case to be remembered in orthopedic clinics where local use of vancomycin is common. Thank you to the authors for their efforts." Al-Anii FM, Sadat-Ali M, Al-Tabash KW, AlMulhim AI, AlMousa SA, AlHawas AM. Vancomycin flushing syndrome in orthopaedic practice: A case report. World J Orthop 2023; 14(10): 771-775 [PMID: 37970623 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i10.771]
37	" Dear Editor Greetings The manuscript touched on an important topic, in Medicine, the gut microbiota has been linked to various diseases including cardio-metabolic, gastrointestinal, and cancer. Studies of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics showed conflicting results regarding the metabolic syndrome. Biotics source, the mode of administration (the oral route), and their interaction with the gut environment might explain the contradicting data. An important further step is fecal microbiota transplantation which showed great promise when given by colonoscopy in contrast to the upper route. Gastric enzymes, gut hormones, and environment might play an important role regarding the efficacy of biotics. The evidence of the efficacy of gut microbiota transplantation on diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia (when administered through the lower gastrointestinal tract) p[pointed to the role of upper GIT. In addition, barbaric surgery was found to be effective in diabetes remission, weight reduction, and hypertension remission might be explained in part by gut microbiota dysbiosis and gut hormones. Therefore, shining the light on gut microbiota transplantation and comparing its effects with biotics is of great importance. Hyder Mirghani, Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia I would like to submit an editorial on this important topic. " Antony MA, Chowdhury A, Edem D, Raj R, Nain P, Joglekar M, Verma V, Kant R. Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(10): 1502-1513 [PMID: 37970133 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502]
38	"I read with great interest this paper by Mocchegiani et al and I would like to congratulate the authors for their very nice work on the intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB), which is an updated impressive approach. This neoplasm resembles the pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), which was first described by Ohashi in 1982 and is considered a premalignant lesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the IPNB is rare, less common than IPMN, and more aggressive lesion, since it is more transformed into cholangiocarcinoma. IPNB is manifested by obstructive jaundice and episodes of acute cholangitis and must be kept in mind, when someone is faced with such a clinical setting, but without common bile duct gallstones. Thus, it is important the early diagnosis and proper management of this precancerous lesion to prevent a dismal course improving the long-term oncological outcome. Theodoros E Pavlidis Emeritus Professor School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece" Mocchegiani F, Vincenzi P, Conte G, Nicolini D, Rossi R, Cacciaguerra AB, Vivarelli M. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: The new frontier of biliary pathology. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(38): 5361-5373 [PMID: 37900587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i38.5361]
39	" With the arrival of the digital era, big data technology with artificial intelligence as the core is also gradually applied to the field of sports rehabilitation, which has a wide range of applications in the fields of assisted injury assessment and diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy robot, health management cloud platform and other fields, and can help realize the demand for accurate rehabilitation treatment. In the process of summarizing the current application of AI technology in the field of rehabilitation, it is found that the number of studies related to AI technology in the cultivation of sports rehabilitation talents is relatively small, and the content of the studies is fragmented. We read from World Journal of Clinical Cases that Swarnakar R, Yadav SL et al. studied the status of artificial intelligence and machine learning in motor recovery from the perspective of rehabilitation medicine. Understanding the perspectives of how AI and ML can be utilized for motor recovery in rehabilitation settings, e.g., assessment and diagnosis, predictive modeling, individualized treatment planning, sensor-based motion analysis, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), adaptive neurorehabilitation, telerehabilitation, and more. It is known that the integration of AI and ML in motor recovery has the potential to improve rehabilitation outcomes, and these technologies can remotely assess a patient's progress in motor rehabilitation and provide personalized feedback. This proactive approach maximizes the chances of better outcomes by tailoring rehabilitation programs based on real-time predictive insights. Overall, the article is concise and on topic. However, there is less description of the historical background and prior research on the topic of artificial intelligence and machine learning related to exercise rehabilitation, and there is a lack of corresponding theoretical and practical support. This set leads to the fact that this study is limited to the theoretical level of explanation for the research topic, and it is not possible to compare and contrast different views or findings, while it is in a blank or restricted state in the application of intelligent practice in sports rehabilitation. The emergence of new technologies and methods in the future provides new ideas and creates new opportunities for the theory and practice of exercise rehabilitation. Therefore, there is a need for richer topics, systematic theories, and research methods to study the practical skills of artificial intelligence and machine learning on sports rehabilitation assessment and treatment. In conclusion, intelligent information technology plays a crucial role in the process of sports rehabilitation, and its theory and practice deserve continued attention from the academic community." Swarnakar R, Yadav SL. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in motor recovery: A rehabilitation medicine perspective. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11(29): 7258-7260 [PMID: 37946764 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i29.7258]
40	"In this study, IHC confirmed that LILRB2 protein was significantly overexpressed in CRC, and increased LILRB2 protein expression was significantly associated with clinicopathological features such as low to moderate differentiation, lymph node metastasis, high TNM stage, and poor prognosis. In addition, the study further detected the expression of serum LILRB2, and the concentration of LILRB2 increased in the order of healthy control group, adenoma patients and CRC patients, and the difference was statistically significant. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer were 89.74%, 88.89% and 0.95, respectively, which were better than those of traditional CEA and CA19-9. Moreover, ANGPTL2, a ligand of LILRB2, is highly expressed in CRC tissues and coexpressed with LILRB2 at both mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that their overexpression and interaction are associated with CRC progression. These results suggest that LILRB2 protein can be used as a potential therapeutic target and non-invasive screening biomarker for CRC. In this study, flow cytometry was used to analyze LILRB2 expression in tissues, and traditional immunohistochemical staining was used to confirm the results of the two methods. These results further support that LILRB2 promotes the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. This study also further analyzed the source of serum LILRB2 in patients with colorectal cancer, and provided ideas for clarifying the source of serum LILRB2. The serum expression levels of LILRB2 in patients with colorectal cancer before and after surgery and at different follow-up periods were dynamically monitored, which provided more comprehensive clinical data for understanding the expression of LILRB2. This study confirmed that LILRB2 can be used as a novel therapeutic target for colorectal cancer, with high potential for clinical translation, and provides new treatment opportunities for colorectal cancer." Wang QQ, Zhou L, Qin G, Tan C, Zhou YC, Yao SK. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 overexpression as a promising therapeutic target and noninvasive screening biomarker for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5313-5326 [PMID: 37899785 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5313]
41	"This study discusses the clinical significance of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in the diagnosis and recurrence of colorectal cancer through meta-analysis of the expression levels of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in colorectal cancer patients, which provides a new marker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and is expected to improve the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. This study fully discusses the significance and limitations of the expression level of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in colorectal cancer patients in existing studies, and provides a very good research idea for improving its use as a new diagnostic marker." Xu K, Yu AR, Pan SB, He J. Diagnostic value of methylated branched chain amino acid transaminase 1/IKAROS family zinc finger 1 for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(36): 5240-5253 [PMID: 37901447 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5240]
42	"The article discusses how to improve the detection of liver metastases through MRI protocols. It emphasizes the importance of correctly performing MRI protocols using extracellular or hepatobiliary contrast agents. While traditional non-enhanced techniques can assist in depicting local liver lesions, contrast-enhanced sequences are essential to evaluate their behavior in comparison to healthy liver tissue. These aspects help determine the vascularization of liver and hepatic lesions over time and enhance the diagnostic value for radiologists. Typical liver metastases can be easily identified as hypovascular lesions. However, some primary tumors can produce atypical liver metastases, such as hypervascular ones, or those with calcification, mucin, or other proteins. The multiparametric nature of MRI, coupled with the use of contrast agents, significantly boosts radiologists' confidence in the final diagnosis. The article provides comprehensive information that holds significant clinical significance." Maino C, Vernuccio F, Cannella R, Cortese F, Franco PN, Gaetani C, Giannini V, Inchingolo R, Ippolito D, Defeudis A, Pilato G, Tore D, Faletti R, Gatti M. Liver metastases: The role of magnetic resonance imaging. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(36): 5180-5197 [PMID: 37901445 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5180]
43	"We read the article entitled “Acute pancreatitis: A review of diagnosis, severity prediction and prognosis assessment from imaging technology, scoring system and artificial intelligence” with pleasure. In this article, the authors elaborate on the perspectives of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, severity prediction, and prognosis evaluation of acute pancreatitis. However, some references are not up to date articles and the language in the body is not concise enough. The quality of current studies to evaluate the accuracy of AI is still low, and there is a lack of studies comparing AI with commonly used clinical scores. We believe that the development of AI models is of great importance to accurately predict the presence and severity of acute pancreatitis. If such AI models can be put into practical application, they will greatly assist doctors in their evaluation and bring better diagnosis and treatment effects to patients." Hu JX, Zhao CF, Wang SL, Tu XY, Huang WB, Chen JN, Xie Y, Chen CR. Acute pancreatitis: A review of diagnosis, severity prediction and prognosis assessment from imaging technology, scoring system and artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5268-5291 [PMID: 37899784 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5268]
44	"It is very cleverly explained from the histological aspect of the benefits and disadvantages of semeglutide in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Zhu K, Kakkar R, Chahal D, Yoshida EM, Hussaini T. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5327-5338 [PMID: 37899788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5327]
45	"The article is very good. While, the images of Spyglass and Cholangioscopy are lack of sharpness. " Yadlapati S, Mulki R, Sánchez-Luna SA, Ahmed AM, Kyanam Kabir Baig KR, Peter S. Clinical approach to indeterminate biliary strictures: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and workup. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(36): 5198-5210 [PMID: 37901449 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5198]
46	"The authors presented a well-structured review, where they proposed a hypothesis explaining the mechanisms contributing to loss of tolerance to the E2 subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which results in targeted biliary injury in primary biliary cholangitis." Reshetnyak VI, Maev IV. New insights into the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis asymptomatic stage. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5292-5304 [PMID: 37899787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5292]
47	"The article is concise and easy for readers to understand. " Lenci I, Carnì P, Milana M, Bicaj A, Signorello A, Baiocchi L. Sequence of events leading to primary biliary cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5305-5312 [PMID: 37899786 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5305]
48	"Currently, liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming the gold standard in liver metastasis detection and treatment response assessment. The authors presented a well-structured overview summarizing the most common imaging features of liver metastases, with a special focus on typical and atypical appearance, by using MRI. " Maino C, Vernuccio F, Cannella R, Cortese F, Franco PN, Gaetani C, Giannini V, Inchingolo R, Ippolito D, Defeudis A, Pilato G, Tore D, Faletti R, Gatti M. Liver metastases: The role of magnetic resonance imaging. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(36): 5180-5197 [PMID: 37901445 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5180]
49	"This review details measures for the early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but some references are not authoritative and up-to-date articles, the language in the body is not concise and clear, and some entire paragraphs are quoted from references." Hu JX, Zhao CF, Wang SL, Tu XY, Huang WB, Chen JN, Xie Y, Chen CR. Acute pancreatitis: A review of diagnosis, severity prediction and prognosis assessment from imaging technology, scoring system and artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5268-5291 [PMID: 37899784 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5268]
50	"NAFLD is a Worldwide Health Issue,yet there are currently no approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH.Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) can reduce HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduce weight in overweight or obese patients.The purpose of this meta-study is highly meaningful, however it included only 3 studies and had significant heterogeneity among them.The readers should still face its results with caution. It is expected that the authors will update this meta-analysis in the future when sufficient studies become available" Zhu K, Kakkar R, Chahal D, Yoshida EM, Hussaini T. Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(37): 5327-5338 [PMID: 37899788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i37.5327]