Publication Name	World Journal of Hepatology
Manuscript ID	22919
Country	United States

Received	2015-10-02 13:01
Peer-Review Started	2015-10-04 22:37
To Make the First Decision	2015-10-27 11:32
Return for Revision	2015-11-04 17:20
Revised	2015-11-25 04:07
Second Decision	2015-12-28 14:11
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2016-01-19 10:28
Articles in Press	2016-01-19 10:28
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2016-01-21 18:34
Publish the Manuscript Online	2016-01-26 18:22

ISSN	1948-5182 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Systematic Reviews
Article Title	Portal hypertensive gastropathy: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Mihajlo Gjeorgjievski and Mitchell S Cappell
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Mitchell S Cappell, MD, PhD, Chief, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, William Beaumont Hospital, MOB #602, 3535 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, United States. mscappell@yahoo.com
Key Words	Portal hypertensive gastropathy; Congestive gastropathy; Portal hypertension; Cirrhosis; Cirrhotic; Chronic liver disease; Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding; Esophageal varices; Hepatic fibrosis
Core Tip	Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is dia-gnosed by characteristic endoscopic findings of variably erythematous, small, polygonal areas surrounded by a whitish, reticular border in a mosaic pattern in the gastric fundus/body in a patient with portal hypertension of any etiology. The pathophysiology of PHG is inadequately understood. Portal hypertension is a prerequisite to develop PHG. PHG increases in frequency with increasing portal hypertension, liver disease progression, duration of liver disease, presence of esophageal varices, and endo-scopic variceal obliteration. Pathogenesis is related to a hyperdynamic circulation induced by portal hypertension. Gastric mucosa in PHG exhibits greater susceptibility to gastro-toxic chemicals and poor wound healing. Acute or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding are the only clinical complications. Bleeding is typically mild-to-moderate and rarely fatal. Endoscopic therapy is rarely useful. Pharmacotherapy for acute bleeding includes octreotide with concomitant proton-pump-inhibitor therapy, or alternatively vasopressin. Nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonists, particularly propranolol, are used to prevent re-bleeding after acute bleeding or for chronic bleeding. Transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic-shunt and liver transplantation is ultimate therapies because they treat the underlying portal hypertension.
Publish Date	2016-01-26 18:22
Citation	Gjeorgjievski M, Cappell MS. Portal hypertensive gastropathy: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy. World J Hepatol 2016; 8(4): 231-262
URL	http://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v8/i4/231.htm
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i4.231

Full Article (PDF)	WJH-8-231.pdf
Full Article (Word)	WJH-8-231.doc
Manuscript File	22919-Review.docx
Answering Reviewers	22919-Answering reviewers.pdf
Audio Core Tip	22919-Audio core tip.mp3
Biostatistics Review Certificate	22919-Biostatistics statement.pdf
Conflict-of-Interest Disclosure Form	22919-Conflict-of-interest statement.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	22919-Copyright assignment.pdf
Institutional Review Board Approval Form or Document	Institutional_Review_Board_Statement_20151002112748.docx
Non-Native Speakers of English Editing Certificate	22919-Language certificate.pdf
Peer-review Report	22919-Peer-review(s).pdf
Scientific Misconduct Check	22919-Scientific misconduct check.pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	22919-Scientific editor work list.pdf