Publication Name	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Manuscript ID	23064
Country	United Kingdom

Received	2015-10-17 13:41
Peer-Review Started	2015-10-17 21:22
To Make the First Decision	2015-11-24 14:46
Return for Revision	2015-11-27 17:37
Revised	2015-12-14 00:00
Second Decision	2016-01-12 16:27
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief	2016-01-12 16:44
Accepted by Company Editor-in-Chief	2016-01-22 16:05
Articles in Press	2016-01-22 16:05
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2016-03-21 10:24
Publish the Manuscript Online	2016-03-30 14:14

ISSN	1948-5204 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Category	Oncology
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Colorectal cancers and chlorinated water
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Ahmed Mahmoud El-Tawil
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Dr. Ahmed Mahmoud El-Tawil, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2GW, United Kingdom. atawil20052003@yahoo.co.uk
Key Words	Chlorinated drinking water; Oestrogen; Sex hormones; Gender; Colorectal cancers; Trihalomethanes; Carcinogenesis; DNA hypo-methylation
Core Tip	Oestrogen inhibits the absorption and increases the excretion of xenobiotics and their metabolites via the bile. Oestrogen has anti-hypo methylation activity on the genomic DNA by reducing the plasma levels of homocysteine. Colorectal carcinomas are the third most common tumour in both sexes across the globe. The hazard to develop tumours in different specific sites including colon and rectum in association with the long-term exposure to water disinfectants in drinking water is well established. The risk to develop tumours in the large intestines is dependent on the concentrations and frequency of exposure to the trihalomethanes in the used water for drinking. The risk to develop malignant tumours due to water pollution is higher amongst user of swimming pools and is also dependent on the frequency of showering. Indeed, this risk is much higher in those who are avid consumers of fatty foods and/or their meals lacks vegetables and fruits in this susceptible group amongst those who are users of swimming pools. Yet, this risk could be reduced by adding calcium, magnesium and removing iron from the drinking water. Boiling of drinking water is another effective measure for reducing such risk. Colorectal carcinomas arising from long exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water are characterised an aggressive courses of development and are rarely diagnosed in early stages. Accordingly, it is quite necessary to screen for their occurrence amongst the susceptible persons. Global DNA hypomethylation is most common amongst all subjects who are susceptible to develop malignant tumours and the levels of hypo methylation increase with the prognosis of the disease. Thus screening for the hypo methylation of the relevant genomic DNA and the plasma concentration of homocysteine would be useful criterion for identifying those at risk.
Publish Date	2016-03-30 14:14
Citation	El-Tawil AM. Colorectal cancers and chlorinated water. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8(4): 402-409
URL	http://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v8/i4/402.htm
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.402

Full Article (PDF)	WJGO-8-402.pdf
Full Article (Word)	WJGO-8-402.doc
Manuscript File	23064-Review.docx
Answering Reviewers	23064-Answering reviewers.pdf
Audio Core Tip	23064-Audio core tip.mp3
Conflict-of-Interest Disclosure Form	23064-Conflict-of-interest statement.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	23064-Copyright assignment.pdf
Peer-review Report	23064-Peer-review(s).pdf
Journal Editor-in-Chief Review Report	23064-Journal editor-in-chief review report.pdf
Scientific Misconduct Check	23064-Scientific misconduct check.pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	23064-Scientific editor work list.pdf