Publication Name	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
Manuscript ID	3238
Country	United States

Received	2013-04-16 08:11
Peer-Review Started	2013-04-16 10:42
To Make the First Decision	2013-05-02 10:28
Return for Revision	2013-05-13 14:11
Revised	2013-05-15 23:00
Second Decision	2013-06-03 16:11
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2013-06-04 09:57
Articles in Press
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2013-08-05 10:29
Publish the Manuscript Online	2013-08-09 16:10

ISSN	2150-5330 (online)
Open Access
Copyright
Article Reprints	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
Permissions	For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com

Category	Infectious Diseases
Manuscript Type	Minireviews
Article Title	Probiotics for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Leo R Fitzpatrick
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Correspondence to: Leo R. Fitzpatrick Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 1214 Research Boulevard, Hummelstown, PA 17036, United States, lfitzpatrick@psu.edu
Key Words	Clostridium difficile; Colitis; Probiotics; Mechanisms of action; Immune modulation; Transcription factors; Saccharomyces boulardi; VSL#3
Core Tip	Certain probiotics can inhibit signal transduction pathways (i.e., transcription factors like cAMP response element-binding, activator protein 1, and nuclear factor kappa B), as well as attenuate the activation of ceratin certain kinases (e.g., p38 mitogen activated protein kinases). Inhibition of these Intracellular signaling pathways by probiotics results in effects on intestinal fluid secretion, neutrophil influx into the colon, inflammation and colonocyte apoptosis that may positively impact Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD). Understanding the mechanistic basis of CDAD, and how probiotics interfere at certain steps in the pathogenic process, may allow the development of novel probiotics that could have a future pharmacological impact on CDAD.
Publish Date	2013-08-09 16:10
Citation	Fitzpatrick LR. Probiotics for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2013; 4(3): 47-52
URL	http://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v4/i3/47.htm
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v4.i3.47

Full Article (PDF)	WJGP-4-47.pdf
Manuscript File	3238-Review.docx
Answering Reviewers	3238-Answering reviewers.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	3238-Copyright assignment.pdf
Peer-review Report	3238-Peer reviews.pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	3238-Scientific editor work list.doc