Publication Name	World Journal of Gastroenterology
Manuscript ID	5467
Country	United Kingdom

Received	2013-09-10 09:11
Peer-Review Started	2013-09-11 17:34
To Make the First Decision	2013-10-14 20:59
Return for Revision	2013-10-15 11:33
Revised	2013-10-28 23:51
Second Decision	2013-11-18 21:07
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2013-11-19 12:25
Articles in Press
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2013-12-20 09:13
Publish the Manuscript Online	2014-01-14 20:11

ISSN	1007-9327 (print) and 2219-2840 (online)
Open Access
Copyright
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Publisher	Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Website	http://www.wjgnet.com

Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Review
Article Title	Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure
Manuscript Source	Invited Manuscript
All Author List	Teresa R Scott, Victoria T Kronsten, Robin D Hughes and Debbie L Shawcross
Funding Agency and Grant Number	Funding Agency Grant Number Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King’s College London, United Kingdom-MRC MR/J006742/1 National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
Corresponding Author	Dr. Debbie L Shawcross, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom. debbie.shawcross@kcl.ac.uk
Key Words	Cerebral oedema; Acute liver failure; Ammonia; Hepatic encephalopathy; Intracranial pressure; Intracranial hypertension; Cerebral blood flow
Core Tip	Cytotoxic and vasogenic cerebral oedema have been implicated in acute liver failure (ALF) with a preponderance of experimental data favouring cytotoxic mechanisms. Astrocyte swelling is a consistent neuropathological finding in human ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role. The mechanism(s) by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine plays a central role inducing oxidative stress, energy failure and ultimately astrocyte swelling. Although complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF, increased permeation to water and ammonia has been demonstrated. There is no efficacious therapy other than liver transplantation reflecting the incomplete knowledge base.
Publish Date	2014-01-14 20:11
Citation	Scott TR, Kronsten VT, Hughes RD, Shawcross DL. Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(48): 9240-9255
URL	http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i48/9240.htm
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9240

Full Article (PDF)	WJG-19-9240.pdf
Manuscript File	5467-Review.docx
Answering Reviewers	5467-Answering Reviewers.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	5467-Copyright assignment.pdf
Peer-review Report	5467-Peer Review(s).pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	5467-Scientific editor work list.doc