Publication Name	World Journal of Hepatology
Manuscript ID	58699
Country	United States

Received	2020-08-02 15:55
Peer-Review Started	2020-08-02 15:56
To Make the First Decision
Return for Revision	2020-10-01 21:10
Revised	2020-10-12 04:56
Second Decision	2020-10-30 10:34
Accepted by Journal Editor-in-Chief
Accepted by Executive Editor-in-Chief	2020-10-30 22:39
Articles in Press	2020-10-30 22:39
Publication Fee Transferred
Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor
Typeset the Manuscript	2020-12-04 08:21
Publish the Manuscript Online	2020-12-18 05:58

ISSN	1948-5182 (online)
Open Access	This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Category	Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuscript Type	Retrospective Study
Article Title	Incidental biliary dilation in the era of the opiate epidemic: High prevalence of biliary dilation in opiate users evaluated in the Emergency Department
Manuscript Source	Unsolicited Manuscript
All Author List	Monique T Barakat and Subhas Banerjee
ORCID	Author(s) ORCID Number Monique T Barakat http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-6325 Subhas Banerjee http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-9742
Funding Agency and Grant Number
Corresponding Author	Subhas Banerjee, MD, Professor, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, United States. subhas.banerjee@stanford.edu
Key Words	Biliary dilation; Opiate; Narcotic; Endoscopic ultrasound; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Bile duct
Core Tip	What is current knowledge? Biliary dilation is often related to an obstructing process. Non-obstructive factors such as age and prior cholecystectomy have also been associated with biliary dilation. Rates of opiate use have dramatically increased within the United States over the past two decades. There has also been a dramatic increase in utilization of cross-sectional abdominal imaging over the past two decades What is new here. Opiate use is associated with biliary dilation in the absence of an obstructive process. Increasing opiate use and increasing utilization of imaging are resulting in increased incidental detection of biliary dilation leading to increased referrals for endoscopic workup. Contrary to conventionally held views, our study indicates that age alone is not associated with increased bile duct diameter. Increasing probability of opiate use and cholecystectomy with advancing age may underlie the previously-reported association of advancing age with increased bile duct diameter. Height is weakly associated with increased bile duct diameter, consistent with an organ scaling effect.
Publish Date	2020-12-18 05:58
Citation	Barakat MT, Banerjee S. Incidental biliary dilation in the era of the opiate epidemic: High prevalence of biliary dilation in opiate users evaluated in the Emergency Department. World J Hepatol 2020; 12(12): 1289-1298
URL	https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v12/i12/1289.htm
DOI	https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v12.i12.1289

Full Article (PDF)	WJH-12-1289.pdf
Full Article (Word)	WJH-12-1289.docx
Manuscript File	58699_Auto_Edited.docx
Answering Reviewers	58699-Answering reviewers.pdf
Audio Core Tip	58699-Audio core tip.m4a
Biostatistics Review Certificate	58699-Biostatistics statement.pdf
Conflict-of-Interest Disclosure Form	58699-Conflict-of-interest statement.pdf
Copyright License Agreement	58699-Copyright license agreement.pdf
Signed Informed Consent Form(s) or Document(s)	58699-Informed consent statement.pdf
Institutional Review Board Approval Form or Document	58699-Institutional review board statement.pdf
Peer-review Report	58699-Peer-review(s).pdf
Scientific Misconduct Check	58699-Scientific misconduct check.pdf
Scientific Editor Work List	58699-Scientific editor work list.pdf
CrossCheck Report	58699-CrossCheck report.pdf