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Articles Published Processes
4/24/2023 11:14:10 AM | Browse: 527 | Download: 1333
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Received |
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2022-10-31 15:07 |
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Peer-Review Started |
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2022-10-31 15:08 |
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First Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2023-02-02 08:00 |
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Return for Revision |
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2023-02-02 08:00 |
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Revised |
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2023-02-17 15:06 |
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Publication Fee Transferred |
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Second Decision by Editor |
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2023-04-07 01:06 |
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Second Decision by Editor-in-Chief |
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Final Decision by Editorial Office Director |
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2023-04-07 03:30 |
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Articles in Press |
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2023-04-07 03:30 |
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Edit the Manuscript by Language Editor |
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Typeset the Manuscript |
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2023-04-15 06:05 |
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Publish the Manuscript Online |
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2023-04-24 11:14 |
| ISSN |
1007-9327 (print) and 2219-2840 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: Https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
| Article Reprints |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/247
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Gastroenterology & Hepatology |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
SARS-CoV-2 induced liver injury: Incidence, risk factors, impact on COVID-19 severity and prognosis in different population groups
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| Manuscript Source |
Invited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
George D Liatsos |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
George D Liatsos, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Vassilisis Sofias 114, TK 11527, Athens 11527, Attiki, Greece. geoliatsos@yahoo.gr |
| Key Words |
COVID-19; Liver injury; Cytokine storm; Endotheliopathy; Immuno-thromboinflammation; Direct hepatocyte injury |
| Core Tip |
Following respiratory system, liver is the second most involved organ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides the well-observed cholangiocyte tropism, typical severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Lesions indicated by ultrastructural and histological evidence, identification of replicating SARS-CoV-2, S and nucleocapsid proteins RNAs within hepatocytes, as well as intrahepatic virus observation by electron microscopy and in-situ hybridization, converge to the conclusion that SARS-CoV-2 may also be hepatotropic. Most prevalent mechanisms of COVID-19-related liver injury are hypercytokinemia with “bystander hepatitis”, cytokine storm syndrome with subsequent oxidative stress, endotheliopathy and immuno-thromboinflammation. Depending on the grade of their abnormalities, increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, (mostly peak) alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, interleukin-6, -10) and decreased albumin levels are independent discriminators of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Age, male gender, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are independent prognostic factors of unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes. |
| Publish Date |
2023-04-24 11:14 |
| Citation |
Liatsos GD. SARS-CoV-2 induced liver injury: Incidence, risk factors, impact on COVID-19 severity and prognosis in different population groups. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(16): 2397-2432 |
| URL |
https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i16/2397.htm |
| DOI |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2397 |
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