| ISSN |
2220-6124 (online) |
| Open Access |
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Copyright |
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. |
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| Permissions |
For details, please visit: http://www.wjgnet.com/bpg/gerinfo/207
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| Publisher |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA |
| Website |
http://www.wjgnet.com |
| Category |
Urology & Nephrology |
| Manuscript Type |
Review |
| Article Title |
Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice
|
| Manuscript Source |
Unsolicited Manuscript |
| All Author List |
Maria-Eleni Roumelioti, Robert H Glew, Zeid J Khitan, Helbert Rondon-Berrios, Christos P Argyropoulos, Deepak Malhotra, Dominic S Raj, Emmanuel I Agaba, Mark Rohrscheib, Glen H Murata, Joseph I Shapiro and Antonios H Tzamaloukas |
| ORCID |
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| Funding Agency and Grant Number |
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| Corresponding Author |
Antonios H Tzamaloukas, MD, Emeritus Professor, Research Service, Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 1501 San Pedro, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States. antonios.tzamaloukas@va.gov |
| Key Words |
Body fluids; Body water; Extracellular volume; Hypertonicity; Hypotonicity; Congestive heart failure; Hepatic cirrhosis; Sepsis; Nephrotic syndrome |
| Core Tip |
The regulation and clinical disturbances of body fluid and its compartments are traditionally consigned to two concepts. The concept of tonicity of body fluids is critical in the regulation of the volume of body cells. Disturbances in tonicity result from abnormalities in the relation between body water and body solute. The concept of extracellular volume plays a critical role in the regulation of perfusion of body cells and organs. Disturbances in extracellular volume result primarily from abnormalities in sodium salt balance. Various methods for measuring body water and extracellular volume have been extensively applied in clinical practice. However, precise determination of the optimal body fluid volumes encounters difficulties which are greatly accentuated in severe illnesses, because several other factors interacting with extracellular volume in determining tissue perfusion, including cardiac output, capacity of the blood vessels, and Starling forces, are significantly altered in these illnesses. The aforementioned factors cause changes in the extracellular volume and create the need for optimal levels of this volume that are higher than those of healthy individuals and the need for newer methods for evaluating body fluid volumes. Thus, fluid regulation in severe illness represents an evolving concept of body fluid balance separate from the two traditional concepts. Important questions about this third concept remain unanswered underscoring the need for further research. |
| Publish Date |
2018-01-08 02:29 |
| Citation |
Roumelioti ME, Glew RH, Khitan ZJ, Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos CP, Malhotra D, Raj DS, Agaba EI, Rohrscheib M, Murata GH, Shapiro JI, Tzamaloukas AH. Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice. World J Nephrol 2018; 7(1): 1-28 |
| URL |
http://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v7/i1/1.htm |
| DOI |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1 |
